ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analizar el coeficiente intelectual y los factores asociados en niños escolarizados de 6 a 8 años en las comunas Nororiental y Norocidental de la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple, polietápico y estratificado según grado escolar y comuna, la muestra estuvo constituida por 423 niños de ambos sexos. El coeficiente intelectual se evaluó con la Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Niños WISCIV y la estimulación psicosocial con Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). Para la valoración del estado nutricional se utilizó las normas de referencia y puntos de corte de la OMS. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo que explican las puntuaciones en el Coeficiente Intelectual Total y sus índices fueron: Historia de problemas académicos de la madre y padre e historia de problemas de comportamiento de los hermanos, alcoholismo de la madre durante el embarazo y conductas agresivas en el hogar. Conclusión: En los niños que cursan los primeros años de escolaridad en las dos comunas más pobres de Medellín, el coeficiente intelectual y sus índices se encuentra correlacionado con factores de antecedencia psicosocial y conductas agresivas en el hogar.
Objective: Analyzing the IQ and associated factors in school children aged 6 to 8 years old from the northeastern and northwestern districts of Medellin, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Simple, random, stratified sampling was carried out according to grade, level and commune; the sample consisted of 423 male and female children. The Wechsler intelligence scale (WISCIV) was used for evaluating the children’s IQ and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) for evaluating the children’s psychosocial stimulation/quality of their home environment. WHO cutoff points were used as reference standards for assessing their nutritional status. Results: The following risk factors explained IQ scores and rates: the parents’ academic problems, the siblings’ behavioral problems, the mothers’ alcoholism during pregnancy and aggressive behavior at home. Conclusion: The IQ scores and associated rates for children who attended early school years in the two poorest districts of Medellin were correlated with psychosocial background factors and aggressive behavior at home.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Intelligence , Students/psychology , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Schools , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo establecer subgrupos con características socioeconómicas específicas mediante la utilización del análisis de clases latentes como método de segmentación de la población beneficiaria del programa de complementación alimentaria alianza MANA-ICBF. Antioquia Colombia y que permita determinar sus diferencias en sus condiciones de pobreza y salud para una mejor focalización de los recursos, programas y políticas públicas. Métodos: Población constituida por 200 000 niños y sus hogares beneficiarios del programa MANA. Se utilizó una muestra representativa por región. Se utilizó el análisis de clases latentes utilizando el algoritmo de Expectatio/Maximization y de Newton Raphson para identificar el número apropiado de clases. Resultados: El modelo final clasificó a los hogares en cuatro conglomerados que difieren entre sí de acuerdo a condiciones socio demográficas bien definidas que afectan la salud de los niños beneficiarios del programa. Conclusiones: Hay hogares en donde hay mayor profundización de la pobreza, por consiguiente condiciones de calidad de vida inferiores que afecta la salud de los niños de este grupo poblacional.
Objective: This study was aimed at establishing subgroups having specific socioeconomic characteristics by using latent class analysis as a method for segmenting target population members of the MANA-ICBF supplementary food program in the Antioquia department of Colombia and determine their differences regarding poverty and health conditions in efficiently addressing pertinent resources, programs and policies. Methods: The target population consisted of 200,000 children and their households involved in the MANA food assistance program; a representative sample by region was used. Latent class analysis was used, as were the expectation-maximization and Newton Raphson algorithms for identifying the appropriate number of classes. Results: The final model classified the households into four clusters or classes, differing according to well-defined socio-demographic conditions affecting children's health. Conclusions: Some homes had a greater depth of poverty, therefore lowering the families' quality of life and affecting the health of the children in this age group.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Food Assistance , Poverty/statistics & numerical data , Colombia , Family Characteristics , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo Caracterizar los hogares colombianos en inseguridad alimentaria según calidad de vida. Materiales y métodos Para determinar la calidad de vida de los hogares colombianos se empleó la base de datos de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida realizada en el año 2008 por el Departamento Nacional de Estadísticas de Colombia. Para establecer las prevalencias de inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar (INSAH) se utilizó la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña para la medición de la Seguridad Alimentaria en el Hogar, adaptada y validada para Colombia. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba Chi cuadrado y mediante un análisis de regresión logística. Resultados En los hogares donde se halló mayor probabilidad de inseguridad alimentaria, fue en aquellos con casa propia pero que la estaban pagando o los que tenían posesión de la vivienda pero sin título, los que manifestaron que los ingresos solo alcanzaban para cubrir los gastos mínimos y en los que no alcanzan para cubrir los gastos mínimos, en los que manifestaron sentirse pobres y en los que vivían hacinados. Perder el empleo por parte del jefe del hogar, atrasarse en el pago de los servicios públicos 4 meses ó más, disminuir el gasto en alimentación y haberse gastado los ahorros, también incremento esta probabilidad. Conclusión La INSAH se asoció de forma significativa con condiciones socioeconómicas del hogar y del jefe del hogar.
Objective Characterizing Colombian households regarding quality of life-based food insecurity. Materials and Methods Colombian households' quality of life was determined using data from the quality of life survey carried out by the Colombian Statistics' Department in 2008. The Latin-American and Caribbean Household Food Insecurity Scale was used for measuring the prevalence of household food insecurity(after having been adapted and validated for Colombia). Data was analyzed using the Chi square test and logistic regression analysis. Results The households having a higher probability of food insecurity were those owning their dwelling but still paying the mortgage or those who were in possession of a dwelling without ownership documents, households where income was deemed insufficient for covering minimum expenses or did not cover minimum expenses, those who stated that they felt poor and those living in overcrowded conditions. The probability of food insecurity was also increased in households where the head of the family had lost her/his job, where late payments of 4 months or more were due for public utilities, had decreased food expenses or had spent their savings. Conclusion Household food Insecurity was significantly associated with a household's socioeconomic conditions and those of a head of household.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Poverty , Quality of Life , Chi-Square Distribution , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Crowding , Employment , Family Characteristics , Food Supply/economics , Housing/economics , Income , Logistic Models , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Giardia intestinalis infection is prevalent throughout the world and widely distributed in developing countries. In general, children display serious consequences to their state of health, including slow height-weight development; therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the association between Giardia infection and the nutritional status of children who participate in the program of complementary feeding (Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia (MANA) - Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF)). A cross-sectional study examining the association of giardiasis with nutritional status was conducted. A total of 2035 children aged eight months to six years-old were studied. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and laboratory analysis of blood and stool samples. Analysis of the results showed that 27.6% of children were infected with G. intestinalis, while 8.1% and 1.9% were mildly and significantly underweight, respectively, and 14.1% presented stunting. Giardiasis was statistically identified as a strong predictor of stunting in this study population.
A infecção pela Giardia intestinalis está amplamente distribuída no mundo apresentando a maior prevalência nos países em desenvolvimento. Em crianças, esta parasitose pode ter conseqüências graves no estado geral de saúde assim como no ganho de peso e estatura. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estabelecer a associação entre a infecção com Giardia e o estado nutricional das crianças beneficiárias do programa de complementação alimentar - MANA. Um estudo de corte no qual foram avaliadas 2035 crianças entre os oito meses e os seis anos de idade foi realizado. A informação foi obtida a partir de questionários estruturados, medições antropométricas e exame de fezes. Os resultados mostraram que 27,6% das crianças estavam infectadas com Giardia intestinalis, das quais 8,1% apresentaram desnutrição moderada, 1,9% desnutrição grave e 14,1% franca queda no crescimento. Em conclusão, nesta população a Giardíase foi indicador de desnutrição grave.